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Back (Mid and Lower)

Click on the body parts or the list below to find out more about your pain and how physical therapy can help.

Compression Fractures
Degenerative Joint Disease
Spondylolisthesis
Spondylosis
Osteoporosis
Herniated or Bulging Disc
Spinal Stenosis
Lumbar Radiculopathy
Sciatica

Compression Fractures

A spinal compression fracture occurs when a vertebra partially collapses, most commonly due to osteoporosis, although trauma and certain medical conditions can also cause it. Symptoms may include sudden or persistent back pain, reduced mobility, loss of height, and changes in posture.

How Physical Therapy Can Help:
Once medically stable, physical therapy can help restore safe movement, improve posture, strengthen the spinal and lower-limb muscles, and improve balance and function. Rehabilitation also focuses on safe lifting and movement strategies and reducing the risk of future falls and fractures.

Degenerative Joint Disease

Degenerative joint disease, commonly known as osteoarthritis, involves changes to the cartilage, bone, and other structures within a joint. It can result in pain, stiffness, reduced mobility, and difficulty performing everyday activities.

How Physical Therapy Can Help:
Physical therapy uses individualized strengthening, mobility exercises, education, and activity modification to reduce symptoms and improve function. Exercise is particularly important for maintaining joint health, strength, independence, and overall quality of life.

Spondylolisthesis

Spondylolisthesis occurs when one vertebra slips forward relative to the vertebra beneath it. Some people have no symptoms, while others experience lower-back pain, stiffness, leg symptoms, or difficulty with prolonged standing and walking.

How Physical Therapy Can Help:
Physical therapy focuses on improving trunk and hip strength, spinal control, flexibility, and tolerance for everyday activities. Treatment is individualized according to the type and severity of the condition and may include exercise, education, movement retraining, and symptom-relieving manual therapy when appropriate.

Spondylosis

Spondylosis describes age-related degenerative changes of the spine, including changes to the spinal discs and facet joints and the development of bone spurs. These changes are common with aging and do not always cause pain.

How Physical Therapy Can Help:
When symptoms are present, physical therapy can help improve spinal mobility, strength, posture, and functional capacity. Treatment emphasizes exercise, education, and strategies that allow patients to remain active while managing pain and stiffness.

Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis is a condition in which bones become less dense and more susceptible to fractures. It often develops without noticeable symptoms until a fracture occurs, particularly in the spine, hip, or wrist.

How Physical Therapy Can Help:
Physical therapy plays an important role in maintaining bone health through appropriately prescribed weight-bearing and resistance exercise. Balance training, posture exercises, and fall-prevention strategies can also help reduce fracture risk and maintain independence.

Herniated or Bulging Disc

A herniated or bulging disc occurs when a spinal disc extends beyond its usual boundaries. These changes are common and may cause no symptoms, but when nearby nerves become irritated, patients may experience back pain, leg pain, numbness, tingling, or weakness.

How Physical Therapy Can Help:
Physical therapy helps patients remain active while progressively restoring mobility, strength, and function. Treatment may include individualized exercise, education, manual therapy, neural mobility exercises, and strategies for safely returning to work, exercise, and everyday activities.

Spinal Stenosis

Spinal stenosis is a narrowing of the spaces within the spine that can place pressure on the spinal nerves. Lumbar spinal stenosis may cause back or leg pain, numbness, heaviness, or weakness, particularly during prolonged standing and walking.

How Physical Therapy Can Help:
Physical therapy can improve strength, mobility, balance, and walking tolerance. Treatment may include individualized exercise, manual therapy, conditioning, education, and strategies to help patients manage symptoms and remain active.

Lumbar Radiculopathy

Lumbar radiculopathy occurs when a nerve root in the lower back becomes irritated or compressed, potentially causing pain, numbness, tingling, weakness, or altered reflexes in the leg.

How Physical Therapy Can Help:
Physical therapy focuses on reducing symptoms while restoring movement and function. Treatment may include direction-specific exercises, progressive strengthening, neural mobilization, manual therapy when appropriate, education, and gradual return to normal activities.

Sciatica

Sciatica describes pain or other symptoms associated with the sciatic nerve, typically travelling from the lower back or buttock into the back or side of the leg. It may result from irritation of the lumbar nerve roots or, less commonly, irritation of the sciatic nerve elsewhere along its course.

How Physical Therapy Can Help:
Physical therapy identifies factors contributing to the symptoms and develops an individualized rehabilitation program. Treatment may include targeted exercises, neural mobilization, progressive strengthening, manual therapy, education, and activity modification to reduce symptoms and restore comfortable movement and function.

Back (Mid and Lower)

Back (Mid and Lower)

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